Focus on cell therapy to treat corneal endothelial diseases

The cornea is a multi-layered structure which allows fine refraction and provides both resistance to external insults adequate transparency. corneal endothelium ensures stromal hydration, failure of which, such as in Fuchs endothelial dystrophy, after trauma or aging, may lead loss transparency induce blindness. Currently, no efficient therapeutic alternatives exist except for grafting. Thus tissue engineering represents valuable alternative approach, overcome donor shortage. Several studies describe protocols isolate, differentiate, cultivate cells (CEnCs) vitro. Two main vitro strategies can be described: expansion eye-native cell populations, CEnCs, the production CEnCs from non-eye native induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs). challenge with these obtain monolayer on biocompatible carrier, specific morphology (flat hexagonal cells), functions programmed cycle arrest. Another issue this culture methodology define adapted protocol (media, trophic factors, timeframe) that mimic physiological development. Additionally, contamination by other types still huge problem. Thus, purification methods, Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting (FACS), Magnetic Ativated (MACS) Sedimentation Field Flow Fractionation (SdFFF) are useful. Animal models also crucial provide translational approach therapies, integrating macro- microenvironment influences, systemic hormonal immune responses, exogenous interactions. Non-eye graft constantly improving efficacy safety, aim being most suitable candidate therapies future routine practice. work review different aspects special focus issues facing CEnC vitro, highlight animal screen protocols.